how to create a Bibliography
What is a bibliography?
A bibliography is an alphabetic listing (usually by author) of all sources of information used in a piece of research work.
At Willoughby Girls High School, we recommend you follow the Harvard system of bibliographic citation.
Why do we write bibliographies?
- To acknowledge our sources.
- To give our readers information
- To identify and consult our sources.
- To make sure our information is accurate.
What if you don't include a bibliography?
- You may be accused of plagiarism (that is, stealing another person's ideas or writing) and you may lose some or all marks.
- You may lose some marks for not including all required components of the assignment.
Points to Remember ……...
- Get into the habit of writing down the bibliographic details as soon as you decide that a resource will be useful.
- The bibliographic information you need from books is usually on the back of the title page. Magazines often have information on the front cover—you will also need the page numbers.
- Write up your final copy in alphabetical order by the author’s surname, or the title if there is no author.
- If date unknown, use n.d. (no date).
- When in doubt ask for help from your Teacher Librarian.
For more details and further examples:
Visit http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/recite/citations/harvard/generalNotes.html
Read
King, Jennifer 2010 A guide to referencing and bibliographies for secondary school students. SLAQ, Brisbane
Multiple copies of this booklet are available in the school library.
EXAMPLES
A book with one author:
Author’s surname, Initials or First name date of publication, Title, Publisher, Place of publication.
Example:
Lane, BF 2003, Islam a history, Viking Books, London.
A book with more than one author:
Author surname 1, Initials or First name, author’s surname 2 , Initials/First name, author’s surname 3, Initials/First name date of publication, Title, Publisher, Place of publication.
Example:
Green, M, Bono, JR, Strong, M & Chan, S 2005, Successful organic farms, Penguin, Ringwood Vic.
Encyclopaedias (Unknown author)
‘Title of article’ Year of publication, Title of encyclopaedia, Publisher, Place published.
Example:
‘The big cats’ 1997, International encyclopaedia of wildlife, Field Press, London.
Journal or Magazine Article (Known author)
Author’s surname, Initials or First name year of publication, ‘Title of article’, Title of Journal, vol., no., OR date of issue, p. (or pp.)
Example:
Segway, BE & Jones, ER 2006, ‘Water quality control in river systems’, New Internationalist, 24 September, pp.25-7.
Newspaper Article (Author known)
Author’s Surname, Initials or First name year of publication, ‘Title of article’, Title of newspaper, Day Month, p. (or pp.)
Example:
Folberg, L 2004, ‘Issues for Australia’s solar future’, The Australian, 19 July, p.7
Sender’s surname, Initials or First name year, email, day and month email sent, <sender’s email address>.
Example:
Jensen, WB 2008, email, 10 June, <[email protected]>.
Journal or Magazine Article (Online and Known author)
Author’s surname, Initials or First name year of publication, ‘Title of article’, Title of Journal, vol., no., OR date of issue, viewed day/month/year, <http: rest of URL>
Example:
Chan, V 2007, ‘Chinese food: a wok on the wild side’, Nutrition Action Health Newsletter, September, viewed 11 May, 2007, <http://www.cspinet.org/nah>.
Website (whole)
Author’s surname, Initials or First name or Organisation year site created or last revised, Title of home page, Name of publisher, Place of publisher, viewed day/month/year, <http:// rest of URL>
Example:
Simpson, JB 2008, Redclaw farming in Queensland, Queensland Redclaw Growers’ Association, Brisbane, viewed 5 June 2003, <http://www.redclaw.qld.au>
Online Video Clip – Youtube
Author/authoring body (if known) year of original publication (if known), ‘Title of video’, Youtube, online video clip, posted day month year by username, viewed day month year, <http://address/filename>.
Example:
‘Auschwitz:the Final Solution – BBC clip 1/5’ n.d., Youtube, online video clip, posted 26 February 2008 by gothgod, viewed 6 October 2009, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRtNEzJPCSg>.
TV / DVDs
Title year of production, format, Producer/Publisher, Place of recording, further information eg. Director.
Examples:
TV
Putting the future first 2007, television program, ABC Television, Sydney, 8 April.
DVD
Mandela: the long walk home 2009, DVD, Payless Entertainment, Ultimo, NSW. Produced by David Fanning and Indra de Lanerolle.
Photos/ Diagrams/Maps/ Images (Online)
Author/Authoring body (if known) year created/revised, ‘Title of image’, Title of home page, online image, Organisation responsible for the site (if known), viewed day month year, <http://address/filename>.
Example:
Jet Propulsion Lab 1997, ‘Martian terrain near Pathfinder’, Planetary Photojournal, online image, NASA, viewed 9 July 2007, <http://photojournal.jpl.nasan.gov.au/tiff/PIA00619.tif>.
how to write an annotated bibliography
What is an annotated bibliography?
A standard bibliography lists all the resources you have cited in your assignment. An annotated bibliography is a list of the resources in which each item is summarised and evaluated.
What is the purpose of an annotated bibliography?
The annotation should provide a critical evaluation of the text, including a summary or description. It gives the reader insight into the relevance of the resource.
How much do I need to write?
The average annotated bibliography is a short paragraph of three to six sentences roughly about 150 words.
What do I write in it?
Always write your resource information first as per standard bibliography rules, then follow with your annotation. Include the following information:
Two examples of an annotated bibliography:
1. Radloff, a. Hermann, A. & Fox, R. 1999, successful Learning Skills: your guide to tertiary studies through open, distance and flexible learning, Bobby Graham Publishers, Wagga Wagga.
This book contains strategies to help students studying in the distance mode to become more effective learners and covers areas such as: taking charge of your learning process, achieving your learning goals, becoming a more effective learner and developing your reading and writing skills. The book covers a similar range of topics to many other study skills books. It does, however, focus particularly on the needs of students studying at a distance who will find this a valuable resource for getting started and developing tertiary learning skills. In particular, students returning to study after a long break will find working through the checklists and key questions a useful strategy to identify their strengths as learners.
2. Sabine, James ed. 1995 A Century of Australian Cinema. Melbourne: William Heinemann Australia.
A stylish coffee table collection of essays mostly on the first seventy years of Australian filmmaking. contains an array of beautifully reproduced historical photographs, stills, news clippings and period advertisements which give a feel for its subjects. As well as films and film production, the book explores cinema architecture and non-theatrical exhibition and distribution. It is less an overview of filmmaking than an illumination of aspects of Australian film downplayed in previous scholarship. It deliberately complements previously published anthologies. The collection reaches into the present too with essays on the film revival and the future of cinema respectively.
A standard bibliography lists all the resources you have cited in your assignment. An annotated bibliography is a list of the resources in which each item is summarised and evaluated.
What is the purpose of an annotated bibliography?
The annotation should provide a critical evaluation of the text, including a summary or description. It gives the reader insight into the relevance of the resource.
How much do I need to write?
The average annotated bibliography is a short paragraph of three to six sentences roughly about 150 words.
What do I write in it?
Always write your resource information first as per standard bibliography rules, then follow with your annotation. Include the following information:
- a brief description of the resource
- how up-to-date it is
- author's credentials
- intended audience
- value and significance of the resource as a contribution to your assignment
- any significant features
- your own impression (brief)
Two examples of an annotated bibliography:
1. Radloff, a. Hermann, A. & Fox, R. 1999, successful Learning Skills: your guide to tertiary studies through open, distance and flexible learning, Bobby Graham Publishers, Wagga Wagga.
This book contains strategies to help students studying in the distance mode to become more effective learners and covers areas such as: taking charge of your learning process, achieving your learning goals, becoming a more effective learner and developing your reading and writing skills. The book covers a similar range of topics to many other study skills books. It does, however, focus particularly on the needs of students studying at a distance who will find this a valuable resource for getting started and developing tertiary learning skills. In particular, students returning to study after a long break will find working through the checklists and key questions a useful strategy to identify their strengths as learners.
2. Sabine, James ed. 1995 A Century of Australian Cinema. Melbourne: William Heinemann Australia.
A stylish coffee table collection of essays mostly on the first seventy years of Australian filmmaking. contains an array of beautifully reproduced historical photographs, stills, news clippings and period advertisements which give a feel for its subjects. As well as films and film production, the book explores cinema architecture and non-theatrical exhibition and distribution. It is less an overview of filmmaking than an illumination of aspects of Australian film downplayed in previous scholarship. It deliberately complements previously published anthologies. The collection reaches into the present too with essays on the film revival and the future of cinema respectively.
Click here for further explanation of referencing and citation provided by the University of Western Sydney.
online reference generators
The following two sites provide free generation of Harvard references although it is wise to create the reference list yourself and refer to these sites for confirmation of your listings.
Cite this for me
Harvard Generator
Cite this for me
Harvard Generator